"Lenin is said to have said the best way to destroy the Capitalist System was to debauch the currency. By a continuing process of inflation, government can confiscate, secretly and unobserved, an important part of the wealth of their citizens. By this method they not only confiscate, but they confiscate arbitrarily; and, while the process impoverishes many, it actually enriches some. The sight of this arbitrary rearrangement of riches strikes not only at security, but at confidence in the equality equity in the existing distribution of wealth.... As the inflation proceeds and the real value of the currency fluctuates wildly from month to month, all permanent relations between debtors and creditors, which form the ultimate foundation of capitalism, become so utterly disordered as to become almost meaningless; and the process of wealth-getting degenerates into a gamble and a lottery.
Lenin was certainly right. There is no subtler, no surer means of overturning the existing basis of society than to debauch the currency. The process engages all the hidden forces of economic law on the side of destruction, and does it in a manner which not one man in a million is able to diagnose."
John Maynard KeynesAnd so governments, following the Olympian pronouncement of their guru, aim at a positive inflation target. Keeping it to single digits means that they hope nobody will notice, or that if they do they'll think the govt is doing a good job battling The Inflation Beast while keeping the 'wheels of commerce greased'.
Of course inflation is a result of government itself and it's monopoly on money creation, but that's not something they want people to know for all the reasons Keynes so helpfully elucidates above. So they define inflation to be a general rise in a set of prices
of their own choosing rather than what it really is: price rises as a consequence of their pumping too much money into the economy thereby debasing the currency.
But even the CPI is misleading since the matrix of prices constantly shifts to reflect the differing demands of the economy so a single figure cannot say anything useful about the (subset of) prices other than that a weighted average may have changed. But inflation doesn't affect all prices at the same time or by the same amount making the already highly selective CPI an even less useful indicator.
The massive rise in UK asset prices are in large part the result of the current easy money supply and low interest rates. The state bureaucrats believe they know better than the market what the 'cost' of money should be. In order to implement this price-fixing they must create liquidity (read easy credit) to keep the demand for money in line with their desired interest rate. This is the inflation Keynes describes as the new credit debases the existing money supply, robbing it of purchasing power and conversely making (some) things more expensive.
The shift in the price matrix caused by the debasement sends the wrong price signals to the economy. It causes misallocation of resources and capital as some spending that was not previously viable now becomes so, even though the project may be of dubious value. If a credit contraction then occurs the effects of the misallocation have to work their way through the system, appearing as a recession. Clearly the best thing to do is to let it take it's course. But the first thing the govt will do in a recession is ease credit further, adding petrol to the fire and re-igniting the cycle but this time at a higher level.
It will be interesting to see how far Brown and the BoE can push things.